Role of Probiotics in Sustainable Shrimp Farming along Balasore Coast, Orissa

The Probiotics is “a live microbial feed supplement which beneficially affect the host animal by improving its intestinal microbial balance” (Fuller, 1992). The scientific shrimp culture started during 1980s. There is about 1.2 million hectare of brackish water available for shrimp culture in India. This shrimp culture is carried out by traditional, extensive, semiintensive and intensive method. The out break of disease occurred during 1995 and by 1996 it had severely affected in East Asia and south East Asia which has intensive in Andhra Pradesh. The shrimp culturist beard a heavy loss during that time and the export of shrimp to other country suffered a lot. The researcher attempted to come out from this situation with the application of different antibiotics which was not successful due to antibiotics resistance of organism. Now shrimp culturists are using probiotics to overcome this precarious situation and adopt sustainable and eco-friendly practices. The term sustainability can be defined as environmental friendly, social acceptable, economical viable and technically feasible so in this context the periodic interval application of probiotics play a secrete energy for shrimp throughout the culture and maintain culture sustainable year after year. The use of probiotics in human and animal were documented (Sission, 1989; Fuller, 1992; Maeda and Liao, 1992, 1994; Douillet and Langdon, 1994; Austin et al., 1992, 1995; Garriques and Arevalo, 1995; Moriarty, 1997, 1998; Moulder, et al., 1997; Rengpipat et al., 2000; Rinkinen et al., 2003; Balcazar et al., 2006). Gatesoupe (1999) have studied use of Probiotics in aquaculture and most attempts to purpose by isolating and selecting strains from aquatic environment. Rengpipat et al., (2000) have studied immunity enhancement in black tiger shrimp (P.monodom) by probiont bacterium (Bacillus-11). Gatesoupe (2002) have studied probiotic and formaldehyde treatments of Artemia nauplii as food for larval Pollack Pollachius pollachius. Abraham (2004) has studied antibacterial marine bacterium deter luminous vibriosis in shrimp larvae and suppressed the activity of V.harvayi M3 and reduced mortality of P.monodon. Burgents et al., (2004) have observed the disease resistance of pacific white Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, following the dietary administration of a yeast culture food supplement. So far application of probiotics in shrimp culture in India is concerned Dalmin et al., (2001) studied the effect of probiotics on bacterial population and health status of shrimp in culture pond eco-system. Lakshman and Sundarpandian (2008) have studied effect of commercial probiotics on large scale culture of black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (Fabricus). Sundarapandian and Sankar (2008) have studied effect of Probiotics on the survival and production of black tiger Shrimp Penaeus monodon (Fabricus). No or little work has been done on application Probiotics in Orissa in general and Balasore coast in particular. Therefore the present study has been under taken to study the role of probiotics for sustainable shrimp farming in Balasore coast.